Prevalence of Posterior Cross Bite in 3-5-Year-Old Children from Vitória, Brazil

To evaluate the prevalence of posterior cross bite and the possible association with deleterious oral habits in 3-5-year-old children from Vitória, Espírito Santo,Brazil.Material and Methods:This retrospective observational study with a longitudinal design used as parameters for sample calculation prevalence of 35%, confidence level of 95% and error of 5%. The final random sample included 903 children, proportionally distributed according to the number of children enrolled per school. Thus, the representative sample of 9,829 children enrolled in public schools of Vitória was guaranteed. A questionnaire with six open and eighteen closed items was used to collect data on socioeconomic status, age, sex and deleterious habits. Clinical exams were carried out by trained examiners (Kappa 0.86) for posterior cross bite diagnosis. The association between variables was verified by the Chi-Square Test and Fisher Exact Test. Odds Ratio evaluated the association strength. This research was approved by the UFES Ethics Research Committee.Results:The prevalence of cross bite was of 16.2% and children that used pacifier were two times more likely to develop posterior cross bite (OR = 1.775; CI 95% = 1.242; 2.537).Conclusion:The prevalence of posterior cross bite was expressive, and thumb sucking and pacifier use were considered risk factors. Association was verified with the habit of using pacifier, increasing twice the likelihood of presenting malocclusion and posterior cross bite...

Prevalência de mordida aberta anterior associada a hábitos orais deletérios em crianças de 3 a 5 anos de Vitória, ES / Anterior open bite prevalence associated with oral habits in 3-5 year old children from Vitória, ES

Objetivo avaliar a prevalência de mordida aberta anterior e a possível associação com hábitos deletérios em crianças de três a cinco anos de escolas públicas de Vitória, ES. Métodos estudo longitudinal retrospectivo realizado no período de julho a novembro de 2010. A oclusopatia do tipo mordida aberta anterior foi diagnosticada no momento da pesquisa e a introdução e duração dos hábitos orais foi recuperada por meio de questionário aplicado aos responsáveis. O cálculo amostral resultou em um número de 920 crianças, já acrescido de 20% para compensar possíveis perdas. A seleção das escolas foi feita de forma aleatória. A coleta de dados utilizou um questionário semiestruturado e um exame clínico, com examinadores treinados (Kappa 0,86). A associação entre as variáveis foi verificada pelos testes Qui-quadrado e Exato de Fisher. Para avaliar a força da associação foi utilizado o OddsRatio. Resultados a prevalência de mordida aberta foi de 20%. Crianças que possuem o hábito de sucção digitaltiveram uma chance 3 vezes maior de apresentar mordida aberta, enquanto que para aqueles que usavam chupeta, o risco foi 5 vezes maior Conclusão a prevalência de mordida aberta anterior foi expressiva; hábitos de sucção não-nutritiva foram associados significantemente a presença de oclusopatias. Ressalta-se a importância de ações preventivas que possam conscientizar quanto ao uso correto dos hábitos orais. .

Purpose assess the prevalence of anterior open bite and its association with harmful habits in children from three to five years-old. Methods this is a retrospective longitudinal done between July and November, 2010. Anterior open bite was diagnosed at the time of the research and introduction and duration of the habits was declared by parents using a questionnaire. Sample calculus resulted in 920 children. Schools’ selection was randomized. Data was collected using a questionnaire and a clinical exam with trained examiners (Kappa 0.86).The association between variables was verified by Chi-square and Fisher exact Test. Odds Ratio was used to assess the strength of the association. Results Open bite prevalence was 20%.Children with finger sucking habit had 3 times the chance of having anterior and for those that used pacifier the risk was five times higher. Conclusion the prevalence of open bite was expressive. Non nutritive sucking habits were associated with malocclusion prevalence. The importance of preventive strategies to improve consciousness related to the correct use of oral habits must be remembered. .